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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of phenol

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The manufacturing method
of phenol
phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a colorless crystal with a special smell and is the simplest phenolic organic substance. Phenol has a wide range of uses and can be used in the production of plastics, drugs, pesticides, dyes and other chemicals. Therefore, the production method of phenol is of great significance in the field of chemical production raw materials. This paper will introduce the manufacturing method of phenol in detail.

1. sulfonation

sulfonation is the main method of industrial production of phenol, the raw material is benzene, through sulfonation, alkali fusion, acidification and distillation steps to produce phenol. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Sulfonation: Sulfonation reaction is carried out by adding concentrated sulfuric acid into benzene to generate benzenesulfonic acid.
2. Alkali fusion: benzene sulfonic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to generate sodium benzene sulfonate.
3. Acidification: Sodium benzenesulfonate reacts with sulfuric acid to generate phenol.
4. Distillation: The phenol is separated off by distillation. The advantages of

sulfonation method are that the raw materials are easily available and the operation is simple, but the waste acid and waste water produced in the production process are more, and the environmental protection pressure is greater.

2. cumene method

cumene method is a more advanced phenol manufacturing method, its raw materials are propylene and benzene, through alkylation, oxidation and cracking steps to produce phenol and acetone. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Alkylation: benzene and propylene are alkylated under the action of acidic catalyst to generate cumene.
2. Oxidation: Cumene is oxidized under the action of oxygen to generate cumene hydroperoxide.
3. Cracking: Cumene hydroperoxide is cracked under acidic conditions to produce phenol and acetone. The advantages of

cumene method are good product quality, high yield, low environmental pressure, but high raw material cost.

3. chlorobenzene method

chlorobenzene method is a more traditional phenol manufacturing method, its raw materials are chlorobenzene and sodium hydroxide, through hydrolysis, acidification and distillation steps to produce phenol. The specific steps are as follows:

1. hydrolysis: chlorobenzene and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution are hydrolyzed under high temperature and high pressure to generate sodium phenolate.
2. Acidification: Sodium phenolate reacts with sulfuric acid to generate phenol.
3. Distillation: The phenol is separated off by distillation. The advantage of

chlorobenzene method is that raw materials are easily available, but the production process requires high temperature and high pressure conditions, equipment investment is large, and more waste acid and waste water are produced, and environmental protection pressure is greater.

To sum up, different phenol manufacturing methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and suitable production methods should be selected according to the actual situation. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, the development of more environmentally friendly and efficient phenol manufacturing methods has become a hot topic of current research.

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