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[Chemical Knowledge]：Propylene production method and process flow

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Propylene manufacturing method

Propylene is an important chemical raw material, widely used in plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fiber and other fields. This article will introduce the manufacturing methods of propylene, including steam cracking, catalytic cracking, propane dehydrogenation and so on.

1. steam cracking

steam cracking is the main method of propylene production, accounting for more than 70% of the total output. The method uses naphtha, light diesel oil, etc. as raw materials, mixes with water vapor under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and performs a cracking reaction to generate low-carbon olefins such as propylene and ethylene. The reaction principle of steam cracking is as follows:

C3H8 + H2O → C3H6 + H2

The production process of steam cracking method mainly includes raw material pretreatment, cracking reaction, quenching, separation and other steps. Raw material pretreatment is mainly to carry out desulfurization, denitrification and other treatments to ensure the smooth progress of the cracking reaction. The cracking reaction is carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and it is necessary to control factors such as reaction temperature, pressure, and the ratio of water vapor to raw materials to ensure the yield and purity of propylene. Quench is mainly to rapidly cool the cracking gas to prevent the occurrence of secondary reactions. Separation is the separation of propylene from the pyrolysis gas to obtain a higher purity propylene product.

2. Catalytic Cracking

Catalytic Cracking is a process for converting heavy hydrocarbons into light olefins by the action of a catalyst. The method uses atmospheric heavy oil, vacuum residue, etc. as raw materials, and under the action of a catalyst, a cracking reaction is carried out to generate propylene, butene and other low-carbon olefins. The reaction principle of catalytic cracking is as follows:
the production process of
C3H8 → C3H6 + H2

catalytic cracking method mainly includes the steps of raw material pretreatment, catalytic cracking reaction, product separation and so on. The pretreatment of raw materials is mainly to treat the raw materials such as desulfurization and demetallization to protect the activity of the catalyst. The catalytic cracking reaction is carried out under the action of a catalyst, and it is necessary to control the reaction temperature, pressure, space velocity and other factors to ensure the yield and purity of propylene. Product separation is to separate propylene from the reaction product to obtain a propylene product with higher purity.

3. Propane Dehydrogenation

Propane dehydrogenation is a process for converting propane to propylene by the action of a catalyst. The method uses propane as a raw material, and under the action of a catalyst, a dehydrogenation reaction is carried out to generate propylene and hydrogen. The reaction principle of propane dehydrogenation is as follows:

C3H8 → C3H6 + H2

The production process of propane dehydrogenation mainly includes raw material pretreatment, dehydrogenation reaction, product separation and other steps. The pretreatment of raw materials mainly involves the desulfurization and dehydration of propane to ensure the activity of the catalyst. The dehydrogenation reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, and it is necessary to control the reaction temperature, pressure, space velocity and other factors to ensure the yield and purity of propylene. Product separation is to separate propylene and hydrogen from the reaction product to obtain a propylene product with higher purity.

In addition to the above three methods, there are some other propylene manufacturing methods, such as alcoholysis, ether solution and so on. Different methods have different advantages and disadvantages and scope of application, and need to be selected according to the actual situation.

In short, propylene is an important raw material for the production of chemicals, and its manufacturing methods are diverse. Different methods have different principles and process flows, and need to be selected and controlled according to actual conditions to ensure the yield and purity of propylene.

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