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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and Uses of o-Nitroaniline

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Ortho-nitroaniline (o-Nitroaniline) is an important organic compound, which is widely used in the field of chemical production raw materials. In this paper, the properties, synthetic methods, uses and safety assessment of o-nitroaniline will be introduced in detail.

1. the properties of o-nitroaniline

o-nitroaniline is a yellow or orange-red crystalline powder with a special smell. Its molecular formula is C6H6N2O2 and its molecular weight is 138.13. Ortho-nitroaniline is insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone and other organic solvents. In addition, o-nitroaniline has strong toxicity and corrosiveness.

2. the synthesis method of o-nitroaniline

o-nitroaniline can be prepared by different synthesis methods, the most commonly used method is aniline as raw material, after nitration reaction. The specific steps are as follows:

1. mixing aniline with mixed acid (mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid) at low temperature to produce nitration reaction.
2. The reaction produces a mixture of o-nitroaniline and p-nitroaniline.
3. The o-nitroaniline is separated from the mixture by separation and purification steps.

3. the use of o-nitroaniline

o-nitroaniline in the field of chemical production raw materials have a wide range of uses, the following is its main application areas:

1. dye production: o-nitroaniline is an important intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, can be used to produce a variety of bright colors, good stability of dyes.
2. pharmaceutical synthesis: o-nitroaniline can be used as pharmaceutical intermediates for the synthesis of antibacterial drugs, anti-cancer drugs and other drugs.
3. Pesticide production: o-nitroaniline can be used to produce pesticides, which has a good effect on the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. The safety evaluation
of

4. o-nitroaniline
because o-nitroaniline has strong toxicity and corrosiveness, it is necessary to pay close attention to safety issues in the production process. The following is a brief summary of the safety evaluation of o-nitroaniline:

1. Toxicity: o-nitroaniline is toxic to humans and animals, and prolonged exposure or inhalation of its vapors may cause poisoning. Poisoning symptoms include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and so on. In severe poisoning, liver and kidney function may be impaired.
2. Corrosive: o-nitroaniline is corrosive to metal and non-metal materials and may damage equipment and pipelines. In the process of production and use, anti-corrosion measures should be taken.
3. Environmental impact: O-nitroaniline is toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause pollution to the water environment. Therefore, in the process of production and use, wastewater treatment should be strengthened to avoid adverse effects on the environment.

In order to ensure the safety of the production and use of o-nitroaniline, the following measures should be taken:

1. Strictly abide by relevant regulations and standards to ensure that the production process meets safety requirements.
2. Strengthen the ventilation of the production site and reduce the concentration of o-nitroaniline vapor.
3. Operators should wear protective equipment, such as protective gloves, protective glasses and gas masks.
4. Conduct regular safety inspection and evaluation to discover and eliminate potential safety hazards in time.

In conclusion, o-nitroaniline has a wide range of uses in the field of chemical production raw materials, but it also has certain safety problems. In the process of use, we should strictly abide by relevant regulations and standards, strengthen safety protection measures, and ensure the safety of production and use.

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