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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and Uses of Aluminum Trichloride

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Aluminum trichloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula AlCl3, which is highly acidic and corrosive. In industry, aluminum trichloride is widely used in the field of raw materials for chemical production and plays an important role. This article will detail the properties and uses of aluminum trichloride.

1. the properties of aluminum trichloride

1. physical properties

aluminum trichloride is colorless transparent crystal or white and micro-light yellow crystalline powder. The density is 2.44g/cm³, the melting point is 190 ℃(2.5kPa), the boiling point is 181 ℃ (sublimation), and the sublimation, gasification or decomposition starts before the melting point. The sublimation temperature is 178 ℃. Soluble in water, ethanol and ether, insoluble in benzene.

2. chemical properties

aluminum trichloride is a strong Lewis acid, can react with many metal oxides to generate chloride, alumina and metal. Aluminum hydroxide can be formed by reaction with alkali. Can occur with many organic compounds alkylation, acylation and other reactions to generate a variety of halogenated hydrocarbons. Reacts with alcohols to form chloroalkanes. Addition reaction with alkenes and alkynes to generate chlorinated alkanes. With phenol, alcohol, amine, benzene, thiophenol, thiamine, acid, ester, aldehyde, ketone, phenol, amide and some metal salt reaction, the corresponding new esters and compounds.

2. the use of aluminum trichloride

1. Catalyst

aluminum trichloride is a commonly used catalyst, can be used in many organic synthesis reactions. For example, under the action of aluminum trichloride, benzene and methyl chloride can be alkylated to produce toluene. In addition, aluminum trichloride can also be used in esterification reactions, condensation reactions, and the like.

2. Desiccant

Because aluminum trichloride has strong hygroscopicity, it is often used as a desiccant. In some chemical reactions that require strict control of humidity, aluminum trichloride can be used to absorb water to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.

3. chlorinating agent

aluminum trichloride can be used as a chlorinating agent, some organic or inorganic substances into the corresponding chlorinated compounds. For example, benzene can be chlorinated to chlorobenzene by the action of aluminum trichloride.

4. smelting metal

aluminum trichloride can be used for smelting metal. For example, in the process of smelting aluminum, alumina may be reacted with aluminum trichloride to form aluminum chloride and aluminum metal. In addition, aluminum trichloride can also be used to extract rare earth elements.

In short, aluminum trichloride has a wide range of applications in the field of chemical production raw materials, can be used as a catalyst, desiccant, chlorinating agent and smelting metal.

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