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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and Uses of Acetaldehyde

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Acetaldehyde is an organic compound with the molecular formula C2H4O, which is an important raw material for chemical production. Acetaldehyde is irritating and toxic, so special attention should be paid to safety during production and use. In this paper, the properties and uses of acetaldehyde will be described in detail.

1. the nature of acetaldehyde

1. Physical properties
acetaldehyde is a colorless, transparent, pungent odor liquid, with strong volatility. The boiling point of acetaldehyde is 20.8 ℃, the melting point is -121 ℃, the relative density is 0.785, soluble in water, ethanol, ether and other organic solvents.

2. chemical properties
acetaldehyde molecules contain aldehyde (-CHO), with strong reactivity, can occur many chemical reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, addition, condensation and so on. The following are the main chemical reactions of acetaldehyde:

(1) Oxidation reaction: Acetaldehyde can be oxidized to acetic acid by strong oxidants such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid.

(2) Reduction Reaction: Acetaldehyde can be reduced to ethanol by a reducing agent such as hydrogen or metal.

(3) addition reaction: acetaldehyde can react with hydrogen, Grignard reagent, etc. to generate the corresponding alcohol.

(4) condensation reaction: acetaldehyde can be with itself or other aldehyde compounds condensation reaction, generate aldol or aldehyde resin and other compounds.

2. the use of acetaldehyde

acetaldehyde is an important organic synthesis raw material, widely used in medicine, pesticides, plastics, rubber, spices and other fields. The following are the main uses of acetaldehyde:

1.
the medical field, acetaldehyde can be used to synthesize many drugs, such as antibacterial drugs, antipyretic analgesics, antitumor drugs, etc. For example, acetaldehyde can react with phenol to form phenoxyacetaldehyde, which is reduced to give phenoxyethanol, a common local anesthetic.

2. Pesticide Field
Acetaldehyde can be used to synthesize many pesticides, such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, etc. For example, acetaldehyde can react with methylamine to give methylacetaldoxime, a commonly used acaricide.

3. Plastics and rubber field
acetaldehyde can be used to synthesize many plastic and rubber products, such as polyvinyl formal, phenolic resin, etc. These materials have excellent properties such as heat resistance, corrosion resistance, insulation, etc.

4. spice field
acetaldehyde can be used to synthesize many spices, such as rose essence, jasmine essence and so on. These spices are widely used in food, cosmetics and other industries.

In short, acetaldehyde, as an important raw material for the production of chemicals, has been widely used in the fields of medicine, pesticides, plastics, rubber, spices and so on. Attention should be paid to safety during use to avoid harm to human body and environment.

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