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[Chemical Knowledge]：The nature and use of the four alcohol.

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Pentaerythritol is an important chemical raw material, widely used in plastics, coatings, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other fields. This article will detail the properties and uses of pentaerythritol.

1. pentaerythritol properties

1. physical properties
pentaerythritol is a white crystalline powder, hygroscopic, soluble in water, methanol, ethanol and other polar solvents, slightly soluble in ether, acetone and other non-polar solvents. It has a melting point of 261-262°C, a boiling point of 276°C and a density of 1.39g/cm³.

2. chemical properties
pentaerythritol molecule contains four hydroxyl groups, with strong reactivity, can react with acids, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones and other compounds. The hydroxyl group can be esterified, etherified, acetalized and other reactions to generate the corresponding derivatives. In addition, pentaerythritol is also reductive and can be oxidized to generate compounds such as aldehydes and acids.

2. the use of pentaerythritol

1.
in the plastics industry pentaerythritol can be added to plastics as plasticizers, stabilizers, etc., which can improve the processing performance and use performance of plastics. For example, pentaerythritol terephthalate (PETP), which is produced by esterification of pentaerythritol and terephthalic acid, is a common thermoplastic polyester, which has excellent mechanical properties, electrical insulation properties and chemical corrosion resistance, and is widely used in the manufacture of films, fibers, bottles, etc.

2. coating industry
pentaerythritol can be used as raw materials for coating resin, and acrylic acid, styrene and other monomers produced with excellent properties of coating resin. In addition, pentaerythritol can also be used as a coating leveling agent, defoaming agent and other additives to improve the construction performance and appearance quality of the coating.

3. adhesive industry
pentaerythritol can be used as raw materials for adhesives, and formaldehyde reaction to generate phenolic resin adhesive, has excellent water resistance, heat resistance, weather resistance and other properties, widely used in wood processing, construction, automotive and other fields.

4. Pentaerythritol
the pharmaceutical industry can be used as pharmaceutical intermediates for the production of some drugs and health products. For example, pentaerythritol tetraacetate formed by the reaction of pentaerythritol with acetic anhydride is a drug used to treat cardiovascular diseases.

5. Pesticide industry
pentaerythritol can be used as an intermediate of pesticides for the production of some insecticides and fungicides. For example, pentaerythritol phosphate formed by the reaction of pentaerythritol with phosphoric acid is a broad spectrum highly effective insecticide.

In short, as an important chemical raw material, pentaerythritol has been widely used in plastics, coatings, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other fields, with high economic value and social benefits.

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