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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and Uses of o-Nitrophenol

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2-Nitrophenol (2-NP) is a kind of chemical raw material with various characteristics and wide application. In the field of chemical production raw materials, o-nitrophenol is widely used in synthetic dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other fields because of its unique chemical properties and functional properties. This paper will introduce the properties and uses of o-nitrophenol in detail.

1. The properties of o-nitrophenol

1. Physical properties
o-nitrophenol is a yellow needle-like crystal or powder with a special smell. It is slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether and other organic solvents. The melting point of o-nitrophenol is relatively high, which is 44-46 ℃, and the boiling point is 271 ℃.

2. chemical properties
o-nitrophenol has strong acidity and can react with alkali to form salt. In addition, it also has high reactivity and is prone to substitution, addition and other reactions. The nitro group (-NO2) of o-nitrophenol has high electrophilicity and can react with nucleophiles.

2. the use of o-nitrophenol

1. synthetic dye
o-nitrophenol can be used as a dye intermediate for the synthesis of a variety of dyes. For example, it can react with aniline salt to generate orange G dye, and it can react with benzaldehyde to generate fluorescent yellow dye. These dyes are widely used in textile, printing and dyeing, leather and other industries.

2. pharmaceutical intermediates
o-nitrophenol can be used to synthesize a variety of pharmaceutical intermediates, such as anticancer drugs, antibacterial drugs, etc. For example, it reacts with sulfamic acid to produce sulfonamides, which have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

3. Pesticide
o-nitrophenol can also be used to synthesize pesticides, such as fungicides, insecticides, etc. These pesticides play an important role in controlling crop diseases and insect pests and improving crop yields.

4. Other fields
In addition to the above fields, o-nitrophenol can also be used to synthesize fragrances, plastic additives, etc. In addition, it can also be used as an analytical reagent for the determination of metal ions and organic compounds.

3. o-nitrophenol production method

o-nitrophenol production method mainly has two kinds: one is through the nitration reaction, the phenol and mixed acid (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) reaction; the other is through the reduction reaction, the o-nitrobenzaldehyde reduction. Both of these methods can obtain high purity o-nitrophenol.
Precautions for
4. of o-nitrophenol

When operating o-nitrophenol, the following points should be paid attention to: First, o-nitrophenol has certain toxicity, and contact with food and feed should be avoided; secondly, o-nitrophenol It is irritating to the skin and eyes, and protective equipment must be worn; finally, o-nitrophenol should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources.

In conclusion, as an important raw material for chemical production, o-nitrophenol has a wide range of applications in the fields of synthetic dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and so on. Understanding the properties and uses of o-nitrophenol will help to better grasp the safe operation procedures in the process of production, storage and use, and improve the production efficiency and use effect.

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