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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and uses of polyurethane excipients

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The nature and use
of polyurethane accessories in the field of chemical production raw materials
polyurethane is a polymer compound formed by the reaction of polyisocyanate and polyol. Polyurethane materials have excellent properties, such as wear resistance, impact resistance, waterproof, anti-corrosion, etc., so they are widely used in construction, automobiles, furniture, electronic equipment and other fields. In the production process of polyurethane, it is necessary to add some accessories to improve its performance, this article will introduce the nature and use of polyurethane accessories.

1. catalyst

catalyst is an indispensable auxiliary material in the production process of polyurethane, which is used to accelerate the reaction rate of polyisocyanate and polyol and improve production efficiency. Commonly used catalysts include tertiary amines and organotin compounds. Tertiary amine catalysts have strong catalytic activity, which can promote the gelation and foaming reaction of polyurethane, but it will have a certain impact on the heat resistance and hydrolysis resistance of the material. Organic tin catalysts have good heat resistance and hydrolysis resistance, but the price is higher.

2. foam stabilizer

foam stabilizer is used to adjust the foam cell structure of polyurethane foam auxiliary materials, can improve the foam uniformity, stability and toughness. Commonly used foam stabilizers include silicone oils, fatty acid amides, polyethers, and the like. Silicone oil has the advantages of low surface tension, low volatility, and good chemical stability, which can effectively prevent foam rupture and collapse. Fatty acid amides can increase the toughness and tensile strength of the foam and improve the processability of the foam.

3. flame retardant

flame retardant is used to improve the flame retardant properties of polyurethane materials, which can prevent the material from burning and spreading. Commonly used flame retardants include inorganic flame retardants and organic flame retardants. Inorganic flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc., have the advantages of good flame retardant effect, non-toxic and harmless, but will have a certain impact on the mechanical properties of the material. Organic flame retardants such as phosphorus flame retardants, bromine flame retardants, etc., have good flame retardant effect and compatibility with materials.

4. antioxidant

antioxidant is used to prevent the aging of polyurethane materials, can extend the service life of the material. Commonly used antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants and phosphite antioxidants. Phenolic antioxidants have good heat resistance and oxidation resistance, which can effectively prevent thermal oxidation aging of materials. Phosphite antioxidant has good hydrolysis resistance and UV resistance, suitable for outdoor use of polyurethane materials.

In short, polyurethane accessories play an important role in the field of chemical production raw materials, which can improve the performance of polyurethane materials and improve the quality and reliability of products. Different types of excipients have different properties and uses, and should be selected and used according to specific application scenarios.

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