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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and Uses of Benzoic Acid

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Benzoic acid is an important organic chemical raw materials, with a wide range of uses. This article will detail the properties of benzoic acid, production methods and applications in various fields.

1. the properties of benzoic acid

benzoic acid (Benzoic Acid) is an organic compound with a chemical formula of C6H5COOH and a molecular weight of 122.12. Benzoic acid has the following properties:

1. physical properties: benzoic acid is colorless, shiny flake or needle crystal, with a special aromatic odor. The melting point is 122.4°C, the boiling point is 249°C, and the relative density (d204) is 1.2659. Benzoic acid slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether and other organic solvents.
2. Chemical properties: Benzoic acid has carboxyl groups, so it has the general properties of carboxylic acids, such as acidity, esterification, etc. The acidity of benzoic acid is weak, and its pKa value is 4.20. In addition, benzoic acid can also be halogenated, nitrated, sulfonated and other substitution reactions.

2. benzoic acid production methods

benzoic acid production methods are mainly the following:

1. toluene as raw material, through the oxidation of benzoic acid.
2. Benzene was used as raw material to generate benzoic acid through carboxylation reaction.
3. Hydrolysis of benzoic acid from benzoic acid ester compounds.

Among them, the oxidation of toluene to generate benzoic acid is the most commonly used method. The process route is mature, the yield is high, and it is suitable for industrial production.

3. the use of benzoic acid

benzoic acid in the field of chemical production raw materials has a wide range of uses, the following list of several main aspects:

1. food preservatives: benzoic acid and its sodium salt is an effective food preservatives, can inhibit the growth of microorganisms, extend the shelf life of food. Under acidic conditions, benzoic acid has a good inhibitory effect on mold, yeast and bacteria, so it is widely used in jams, preserves, beverages and other foods.
2. pharmaceutical intermediates: benzoic acid can be used as pharmaceutical intermediates for the production of various drugs, such as antifungal drugs, antipyretic analgesics.
3. Dyes and pigments: Benzoic acid can be used as an intermediate of dyes and pigments, and is used to produce various organic dyes and pigments with bright colors.
4. Plastic and rubber additives: Benzoic acid can be used as an additive for plastics and rubber to improve the performance of materials and improve the quality and life of products.

In short, as an important organic chemical raw material, benzoic acid has been widely used in various fields. With the continuous development of science and technology, the use of benzoic acid will continue to expand.

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