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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and Uses of Hydrogen

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The nature and use
of hydrogen in the field of chemical production raw materials
1. Introduction

Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic gas with high reactivity, so it has a wide range of uses in the field of chemical production raw materials. This paper will discuss in detail the nature and use of hydrogen in the field of chemical production raw materials.

2. The nature of hydrogen

1. Physical properties: Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic gas with a very small density, only 1/14 of air. Hydrogen has a very high diffusion coefficient, has a high permeability, and can quickly penetrate metals and other materials.
2. Chemical properties: Hydrogen has high reactivity and can react with many elements and compounds. At room temperature, hydrogen can react with oxygen to generate water, react with nitrogen to generate ammonia, and react with halogen to generate the corresponding halogen acid. In addition, hydrogen can also react with many metals and non-metals to form the corresponding hydrides.

3. the use of hydrogen

1. synthetic ammonia: hydrogen plays an important role in the production process of synthetic ammonia. Synthetic ammonia is an important chemical raw material, which is widely used in fertilizer, plastic, fiber and other fields. In the process of producing synthetic ammonia, hydrogen reacts with nitrogen at high temperature and high pressure to produce ammonia.
2. Refining: Hydrogen is used as a desulfurizer in the refining process. Under high temperature and high pressure, hydrogen reacts with sulfur compounds in oil to produce hydrogen sulfide, so as to achieve the purpose of desulfurization. In addition, hydrogen can also be used to increase the octane number of oil and improve the quality of oil.
3. Hydrocarbon cracking: Hydrocarbon cracking is an important process for the production of low-carbon olefins such as ethylene and propylene. In this process, hydrocarbons react with hydrogen at high temperatures to produce the corresponding lower olefins.
4. Hydrogenation: Hydrogen plays an important role in many hydrogenation reactions. The hydrogenation reaction is a reaction in which the properties of an organic compound are changed by adding a hydrogen atom. In many chemical processes, hydrogenation reactions are used to produce high-purity compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, etc.

4. Hydrogen Production

hydrogen can be produced by a variety of methods, including water electrolysis, natural gas reforming, coal gasification, etc. Among them, water electrolysis is a commonly used method for producing hydrogen, which decomposes hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of water. The hydrogen produced by this method is of high purity, but the energy consumption is high. Natural gas reforming and coal gasification are also commonly used methods to produce hydrogen, which can convert fossil fuels into hydrogen while producing other useful chemical products.

5. the
of storage and transportation of hydrogen
Since hydrogen is a gas, its storage and transportation are difficult. Current storage methods include compressed hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage. Compressed hydrogen storage is to compress hydrogen to a high pressure state and store it in a high pressure steel cylinder. Liquid hydrogen storage is to cool hydrogen to a very low temperature, make it liquid, and then store it in an insulated container. In terms of transportation, long tube trailers or pipeline transportation are usually used.

6. Conclusion

In short, hydrogen has a wide range of uses in the field of chemical production raw materials, and can be used in ammonia synthesis, oil refining, hydrocarbon cracking and hydrogenation reactions. With the continuous advancement of technology and the expansion of application fields, the properties and uses of hydrogen will be further explored and applied.

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