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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and Uses of High Temperature Coal Tar

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High-temperature coal tar is an important raw material for chemical production, with unique properties and a wide range of uses. It is a complex mixture produced by high-temperature carbonization of coal, mainly composed of aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds. In this paper, the properties, uses and production processes of high temperature coal tar are discussed in detail.

1. the properties of high-temperature coal tar

High-temperature coal tar is a viscous, black liquid with a special pungent odor. Its main components include benzene, toluene, xylene and other aromatic compounds, as well as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and other heterocyclic compounds. In addition, high temperature coal tar also contains some phenols, amines, nitriles, nitrides and other organic compounds.

high temperature coal tar has high viscosity and poor fluidity, but its chemical stability is good and has strong oxidation resistance. In addition, high-temperature coal tar has low flash point and ignition point, and is easy to burn, so special attention should be paid to safety during use.

2. the use of high temperature coal tar

high temperature coal tar in the field of chemical production has a wide range of uses, mainly can be used in the following aspects:

1. preparation of fuel oil: high temperature coal tar can be used as fuel oil raw material, through hydrocracking, catalytic cracking and other processes, to produce high quality fuel oil.
2. Production of aromatic hydrocarbons: high temperature coal tar is rich in aromatic hydrocarbons, which can be used to produce benzene, toluene, xylene and other important chemical raw materials.
3. Preparation of carbon materials: high-temperature coal tar can be used as raw materials for the preparation of carbon materials, such as graphite electrodes, carbon fibers, etc.
4. Production of pesticides and pharmaceutical intermediates: Some compounds in high-temperature coal tar can be used to produce pesticides and pharmaceutical intermediates, such as phenols and amines.

3. the production process of high-temperature coal tar

The production process of high-temperature coal tar mainly includes two links: high-temperature carbonization of coal and coal tar processing.

1. high temperature carbonization of coal: coal is heated to high temperature to decompose it to produce gas, tar, coke and other products. In this process, the organic matter in the coal is decomposed by heat, generating a variety of gas and liquid products.
2. Coal tar processing: high-temperature coal tar distillation, washing, fractionation and other processes to separate various compounds to obtain pure aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds and other products.

4. development prospects and trends

With the continuous progress of science and technology and the improvement of environmental awareness, the production process and use of high-temperature coal tar are also constantly developing. In the future, the production of high-temperature coal tar will pay more attention to environmental protection and high efficiency, continue to develop new application fields, and improve the added value and market competitiveness of products. At the same time, with the rapid development of new energy and renewable energy, the application of high-temperature coal tar in the energy field may be subject to certain restrictions, but it will still maintain an important position in the field of chemical production.

In short, high-temperature coal tar, as an important raw material for the production of chemical products, has unique properties and a wide range of uses. In the future development, it is necessary to continuously improve the level of production technology, strengthen product research and development and innovation to meet market demand and environmental protection requirements, and realize the sustainable development of high-temperature coal tar industry.

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