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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and Uses of n-Alkanes

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The properties and uses
of n-alkanes in the field of raw materials for chemical production
Abstract

This paper introduces in detail the properties and uses of n-alkanes in the field of raw materials for chemical production. Through the discussion of the physical properties, chemical properties and production methods of n-alkanes, its wide application in fuels, solvents, lubricants, petrochemical raw materials and so on is described. Key words of

: n-alkanes, chemicals, raw materials for production, properties, uses

introduction

n-alkanes are a kind of common organic compounds, mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen elements. carbon atoms in the molecular structure are connected by single bonds, and the remaining valence bonds of carbon atoms are saturated by hydrogen atoms. In the field of chemical production raw materials, n-alkanes have a wide range of uses, so it is of great significance to discuss their properties and uses in depth.

1. the nature of n-alkanes

1. physical properties

n-alkanes are usually colorless transparent liquid or solid, with the growth of the carbon chain, melting point and boiling point gradually increased, the density increases gradually. The solubility parameter of n-alkanes is low, so it has good solubility and can dissolve many organic and inorganic substances.

2. chemical properties

the chemical properties of n-alkanes are relatively stable, but under certain conditions, reactions such as substitution, oxidation and cracking can occur. For example, normal alkanes can undergo a substitution reaction with halogens under light conditions to produce the corresponding halogenated hydrocarbons. In addition, normal alkanes can also undergo cracking reactions at high temperatures and under the action of catalysts to produce alkanes and alkenes with low carbon numbers.

2. n-alkane production methods

n-alkane production methods are mainly petroleum fractionation, paraffin cracking, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Petroleum fractionation is the main way to obtain n-alkanes from petroleum, and n-alkanes with different carbon numbers can be separated by fractionation. Paraffin cracking is to heat the paraffin to a certain temperature, so that the cracking reaction, the generation of low carbon number of n-alkanes. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a process in which synthesis gas (CO and H2) reacts with a catalyst to produce n-alkanes.

3. the use of n-alkanes

1. fuel

n-alkanes can be used as fuel, such as kerosene, diesel oil, etc. Due to the good combustion performance and high calorific value of n-alkanes, it is a high-quality fuel source.

2. Solvent

n-alkanes have good solubility and can be used as solvents to dissolve many organic and inorganic substances. For example, n-hexane is commonly used as an extraction solvent for vegetable oils.

3. lubricating oil

n-paraffins have low viscosity and good lubricating properties, so they are commonly used as base oils for lubricating oils. By adding different additives, lubricating oils with different properties can be prepared.

4. petrochemical raw materials

n-alkanes can be used as petrochemical raw materials for the production of many important chemicals, such as olefins, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and so on. For example, n-butane can be oxidized to produce maleic anhydride, which in turn is used to produce unsaturated polyester resins and the like.

conclusion

n-alkanes are widely used in the field of chemical production raw materials, and their physical and chemical properties are stable. They can be produced by petroleum fractionation, paraffin cracking, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and other methods. As fuels, solvents, lubricants and petrochemical raw materials, n-alkanes play an important role in chemical production.

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