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[Chemical Knowledge]：Understand the working principle of distillation column

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In the chemical, pharmaceutical and other fields, distillation column is commonly used for material separation and purification of one of the equipment. So, what is the working principle of the distillation column?
The working principle of the
distillation column is mainly based on the principle of fractionation. Fractionation refers to the phenomenon that the vapor-liquid mixture of different substances will occur in vapor-liquid equilibrium according to its volatility under different conditions such as temperature and pressure. This phenomenon can be fully utilized in the distillation column to achieve the separation and purification of substances.

Specifically, the material in the rectification column enters the top part of the column after being heated and pressurized. At the top, the material encounters a cooled condenser, forming a liquid state. At this time, the composition of the material has been changed, in which the less volatile part is condensed on the condenser into a liquid state, and the more volatile part continues to enter the tower body. The interior of the

distillation tower is divided into multiple trays, and each tray is provided with evenly distributed materials to strengthen the separation of substances. When the material passes through the tray from top to bottom, it is affected by the reverse air flow on the tray, and the materials of different components will continue to separate in the up and down movement. Therefore, the less volatile fraction is gradually reduced during separation, while the more volatile fraction is gradually increased. After many separations, the substance is finally separated into different pure components.

distillation column is widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and other industrial fields. For example, in the pharmaceutical field, the distillation column can be used to extract the active ingredients in the drug; in the chemical industry, the distillation column can be used to separate and purify chemicals; in the refining process, the distillation column can achieve the fractionation, cracking and reforming of crude oil.

distillation column as a commonly used separation process, its working principle describes the volatility and separation degree of substances under different conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of separation and purification of substances. In practical application, the efficiency and purification degree of the distillation column will directly affect the product quality and industrial benefits.

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