[Chemical Knowledge]：What does fraction mean?

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The term may not be familiar to the average person, but for those in the field of chemistry, fraction is a very important concept. In the petrochemical industry, fraction refers to the various monomers or mixtures obtained from petroleum by distillation separation. Fractions can be said to be the basis of raw materials in the petrochemical industry, so understanding the meaning and classification of fractions is very important for us to better understand the petrochemical industry production process and how to use these fractions for product production.

oil itself is a mixture that contains many different components, including hydrocarbons, non-metallic elements (such as sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen), metallic elements, impurities, and so on. In the refinery, the work of petroleum distillation separation is very critical, so that different components of the oil can be separated to produce a variety of different fractions. The primary fraction of

, that is, the lowest temperature part of the distillation process, is mainly composed of light hydrocarbons, such as light gasoline. The secondary fraction refers to the components with higher temperature in the distillation process. Different from the primary fraction, the secondary fraction can contain different kinds of compounds, such as gasoline, diesel oil, lubricating oil, etc. As the temperature rises, the composition of the distillate extracted from petroleum gradually changes, and the final residue contains heavy hydrocarbons, such as asphalt, petroleum coke, etc. Therefore, the type and composition of the fraction are controlled by the temperature.

oil fractions play an important role in production. With petroleum fractions, a variety of different products can be produced, such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, paraffin, lubricants, tires, plastics, etc. These products are closely related to our daily life, and their quality and characteristics are directly related to the type and composition of the fraction. For example, the light fraction is mainly used to make gasoline, and the heavy fraction is used to make heavier products such as asphalt and petroleum coke. Therefore, the fractions of different temperature zones in the petroleum distillation process have different applications.

In addition to the petrochemical industry, the distillate can be used in agriculture and the like. For example, the asphalt produced by distillate can be used for road construction and maintenance, and can be applied to pavement, repair works, etc. In addition, the lubricating oil fraction can be used for the lubrication of mechanical equipment to resist the harsh environment such as high temperature, high pressure, high speed and the friction damage caused by it. Therefore, the application range of the fraction is very wide.

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