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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production process and preparation method of n-butanol

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n-Butanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H10O, which is the simplest aliphatic alcohol among alcohols. N-butanol is widely used in paints, coatings, solvents, chemical reagents, plastics and other fields, and is one of the important raw materials in the field of chemical industry. The production process and preparation method of n-butanol is also a topic of concern to researchers.

1. Traditional process

The traditional n-butanol production process is mainly produced through the oxidation of isobutane. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Isobutane dehydrogenation: Isobutane and the catalyst are fed into the reactor. After a series of reactions, butene and propylene are produced.

(2) Butene oxidation: Butene and oxygen are fed into a reactor to undergo a series of reactions to produce butylene oxide (butanedione).

(3) hydrogenation of butylene oxide: butylene oxide and hydrogen are fed into a reactor, and n-butanol is produced through a series of reactions.

The advantages of this process are easy to obtain raw materials, mild reaction conditions, high purity of reaction products, but there are shortcomings such as difficult product separation, short catalyst life, and serious environmental pollution.

2.
of modern process
With the continuous progress of science and technology and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, modern process has gradually become a new trend in the production of n-butanol. Modern technology mainly includes the following two kinds:

(1) biological method: corn and other starch containing plants into sugar, and then through fermentation and a series of biological reaction preparation of butanol. The process has little environmental pollution and fast reaction speed, but it requires a large number of microorganisms and enzymes, and the production cost is high.

(2) chemical method: ethylene and carbon monoxide through a series of reactions to prepare the catalyst, and then the catalyst and hydrogen into the reactor, after a series of reactions to produce n-butanol. The process has less pollution to the environment, the reactants are easy to obtain, the catalyst life is longer, but the purity of the product is low.

the advantages and disadvantages of the first two processes are different, the suitable process can be selected for production according to actual needs and economic conditions.

3. preparation method

n-butanol preparation method of a wide range, which is more common in the following ways:

(1) distillation method: the isobutanol aqueous solution distillation, collection of the desired concentration of n-butanol.

(2) Acetylene reduction method: acetylene and hydrogen are fed into the reactor, and n-butanol is produced through a series of reactions.

(3) ethyl chloride reduction method: ethyl chloride and sodium catalyst are fed into the reactor, and n-butanol is produced through a series of reactions. The reaction speed of this method is fast, but the environmental pollution is serious.