[Chemical Knowledge]：What is distillation

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Distillation is an important chemical separation technology, which uses the boiling point difference of different components to separate the mixture into different components. It is an economical and efficient separation method, which is widely used in petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical and other industries. The principle of

distillation is based on the existence of different Lange temperatures between the gaseous and liquid states of different substances, I .e. the evaporation point. The mixture is heated to convert the components therein into a gaseous state, and then the resulting gas is cooled and separated to varying degrees according to different evaporation points. In this way, the original complex mixture can be effectively separated in a short time. Rectification is often used for

because the mixture contains two or more different materials and some or all of the materials need to be removed. In the petrochemical industry, for example, the extraction of gasoline, diesel, lubricants and other products from petroleum feedstocks is an important application of distillation technology. In the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, distillation technology can also be used to prepare most chemicals and drugs.

distillation can be divided into various types, including isobaric distillation, vacuum distillation, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, etc. Among them, isobaric distillation is one of the most common technology. It can be designed with multiple columns or operated with a single column. Isobaric rectification will be operated in an equilibrium state consisting of gas, liquid and steam until the boiling point of steam enters the cooler. Then, the liquid is collected in the receiver, and the evaporated substance is discharged into the decompression chamber to be refined. Since each component has a different boiling point, they gradually separate throughout the rectification process.

vacuum distillation is usually used for the separation of liquids. In the vacuum distillation process, the boiling point of the mixture is first effectively lowered, followed by heating. The mixture then begins to evaporate and form a gas. When the gas passes through a condenser, it changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase and is separated. By reducing the pressure, the boiling point of the mixture can be lowered, so that this technique can be effectively used to separate high-boiling substances.

gas chromatography is a technique based on the volatilization of a sample into the gas phase. It can detect and separate the components of the substance to be separated and determine their relative content. Usually in gas chromatography, the mixture will be separated into different volatile gases at the same temperature when passing through the separation column. Ultimately, these compounds will be detected and distinguished independently of each other.

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