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[Chemical Knowledge]：What is Phenol? Understanding the Properties and Uses of Phenol

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Phenol, also known as hydroxybenzene, is an organic compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) on the benzene ring. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid, easily soluble in water, methanol, ethanol and other organic solvents. Phenol is mainly used in medicine, chemical industry, metallurgy, fungicide and other fields. Below we will introduce in detail the nature of phenol, use and common preparation methods.

1. the nature of phenol

1. Phenol molecular structure: a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxyl group, and its molecular formula is C6H5OH. The molecular structure of phenol plays a key role in the chemical reaction.

2. Physical properties of phenol: Phenol is a white or yellowish orthorhombic crystal with a density of 1.07g/cm³, a melting point of 43 ℃ and a boiling point of 182 ℃. Phenol is easily dissolved in water and becomes a pale pink solution.

3. chemical properties of phenol: phenol has acid and alkaline, can react with metal to generate the corresponding salt; and acid reaction, can form the corresponding ester; and halogen reaction, can generate halogenated phenol.

2. the use of phenol

1. pharmaceutical industry: phenol is an important chemical raw materials, can be used for the synthesis of aspirin, narcotics and other drugs.

2. Chemical industry: Phenol can be used in the manufacture of epoxy resin, spices, dyes, fungicides, plastics and other chemicals.

3. Metallurgical industry: Phenol can be used to leach metals and as a coolant in aluminum, boilers and metal cutting.

4. Other fields: Phenol can also be used in animal control, rubber processing, oil exploitation, wood preservation, lubricating oil additives and other fields.

3. The preparation method of phenol

1. Carbothermal reduction method: Phenol can be reduced by carbon thermal reduction of benzene, using iron powder as a reducing agent, and reacting at high temperature to generate phenol.

2. Oxidation method: Phenol can be oxidized by benzene in the air. In the presence of oxygen, the oxidation reaction is accelerated by a catalyst to generate phenol.

3. coal tar desulfurization method: in the coking process, hydrogen sulfide and benzene ring structure reaction, the formation of phenol.

4. Phenylacetic acid chloride method: Phenylacetic acid undergoes an acid chloride reaction to generate phenylacetic acid chloride and then reacts with sodium hydrate to generate phenol.

The above is the introduction of the basic properties, uses and preparation methods of phenol. Phenol is widely used in medicine, chemical industry, metallurgy, fungicide and other fields, and is a very important chemical raw material. Understanding the nature and use of phenol will help us to better grasp its application in production and life.