Current Location： Home > News > Chemical Knowledge > Understand the importance and application scenarios of polar solvents

[Chemical Knowledge]：Understand the importance and application scenarios of polar solvents

Read： 381 Time：18months ago Source：Transform the World with Simplicity

For the public, the term polar solvent may be a little strange. However, for the chemist, polar solvents are all too familiar. Because in chemical experiments, polar solvents play a vital role.

polar solvents refer to those organic solvents with relatively strong molecular polarity, which, because of their polarity, can effectively dissolve some substances with similar or the same polarity. For example, for some substances with polar functional groups, we can use polar solvents to dissolve them. This mode of dissolution also tends to cause some of the ionic or polar groups in the solute molecule to be replaced by hydration or coordination or to be coordinated by imine or cationic ligands.

polar solvents can be classified according to different systems and aspects. From the system point of view, there are two main polar solvents: polar lipids and polar inorganic compounds. Polar lipids are more common, mainly including the following:
1
alcohols: such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and so on.

2. Ketones: such as acetone, ketone, etc.

3. Esters: such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like.

4. Ethers: such as diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, etc.

polar inorganic compounds mainly include the following:

1 sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and other strong alkaline substances.

2 acetic acid, acetone and other acidic substances.

Further, the polar solvent can also be classified into a polar organic solvent and a polar inorganic solvent depending on the orientation. Regardless of the classification method, polar solvents have a wide range of applications in the chemical industry and life.

in daily life, we often use polar solvents to remove some insoluble or difficult to live stains. Such as alcohol, formaldehyde and other polar solvents can be a good way to remove the smell of lees, oil and so on.

and in the laboratory, polar solvents are the "helpers" of chemical reactions ". Different reaction systems and reaction conditions require different types of solvents to ensure the success of the reaction. Taking the chemical reduction reaction as an example, the reaction requires a solvent with strong reducibility to ensure the success of the reaction. In this reaction, methanol and ethanol are very good in solubility, so that they are generally used as a solvent for the reduction reaction. Similarly, some organic solvents with higher polarity, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetonamide, etc., are also widely used. In addition, polar solvents can also be used to catalyze the reaction, such as thionyl chloride can catalyze the condensation reaction of diethyl phosphate.

In addition to the above application scenarios, polar solvents have many other applications. For example, some drug development in the pharmaceutical industry requires the use of polar solvents to extract and purify substances. In the optoelectronic industry, polar solvents are also used to make flexible displays and flexible electronics.

In short, polar solvents as a basic and important chemicals, its wide application and development are closely related to our daily life and modern science and technology. In practical applications, the selection of appropriate polar solvents can not only promote the success of the reaction, but also improve the reaction efficiency and reduce costs.