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[Chemical Knowledge]：What is the role of acetylene?

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Acetylene is one of the simplest organic substances and a very useful chemical. It can be synthesized through various routes, such as refining from coal mine gas, refining from petroleum, extracting from natural gas, etc. Acetylene has many unique chemical properties, the most important of which is its ability to undergo acetylene action.

acetylene reaction refers to the synthesis of new organic compounds by addition reaction of acetylene without the use of oxygen. It has a rich reaction mechanism and a wide range of applications. This article will introduce the basic concept of acetylene action, the main reaction mechanism, and the important application in the chemical industry. The basic concept of

1. the action of acetylene

acetylene has the chemical formula C₂ H₂, which is a highly unstable substance that can undergo free radical reactions and addition reactions at room temperature. Acetylene has long been regarded as one of the troubles of chemical reactions, but due to its unique chemical properties, acetylene action is widely used in various chemical fields and industrial production. The basic concept of

acetylene action refers to the process of addition reaction of acetylene with other compounds. Specifically, it means that the three pairs of bonds in the acetylene molecule can be opened in the reaction, so that atoms of other molecules form new bonds with the carbon atoms of acetylene. Therefore, acetylene action is also called "multi-bond addition reaction".

2. the main reaction mechanism of acetylene

1. acetylene and elemental reaction

acetylene and elemental reaction is one of the most simple reaction of acetylene action. For example, when acetylene reacts with oxygen, it can form the reaction product of carbon dioxide and water:

C₂ H₂ 2O → 2CO₂ H₂ O

This reaction is called the "oxidation reaction", It is a very important industrial chemical reaction used to produce a large amount of organic matter such as ethylene and oxalic acid.

2. Reaction of Acetylene with Hydrogen

Acetylene, as an unsaturated organic substance, can react with hydrogen as well as many other compounds. One of the most important reactions is the reaction of acetylene with hydrogen, which can be carried out by the action of a catalyst.

C₂ H₂ → C₂ H₂

This reaction is called a "hydrogenation reaction" and can produce ethylene as the main reaction product. This reaction is an important industrial chemical reaction for the production of a large number of organic compounds such as polyethylene.

3. Acetylene and halogen reaction

Acetylene can react with halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine to form α-halogenated ethylene and β-halogenated ethylene, as shown below:

C H₂ X₂ → CX₂ HCX(X = Cl,Br,I)