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Ethanol absolute (Ethanol absolute)

Bargaining 10-21 09:11 Update

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Ethanol absolute

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Nature Description

Appearance and character: colorless liquid with special fragrance.

Melting point (℃):-114.1

Relative density (water = 1):0.79

Boiling Point (℃):78.3

Relative vapor density (Air = 1):1.59

Volatility: Volatile

Refractive index: 1.3611(20℃)

Properties: ethanol with purity up to 99.5% (ethanol with purity up to 99.99% is called absolute ethanol)

Molecular formula: C * H * O

Molecular weight: 46.07

Saturated vapor pressure (kPa):5.33(19℃)

Combustion heat (kJ/mol):1365.5

Critical temperature (℃):243.1

Critical pressure (MPa):6.38

Value of octanol/water partition coefficient: 0.32

Flash point (℃):12

Maximum explosion%(V/V):19.0

Ignition Temperature (℃):363

Lower explosive limit%(V/V):3.3

Solubility: it is mutually soluble with water in any ratio, and can be miscible with ether, chloroform, and glycerol and so on organic solvents.

Product Applications

Ethanol is important organic solvents are widely used in medicine, paint, sanitary products, cosmetics, grease and other aspects, accounting for about 50% of the total consumption of ethanol. Ethanol is an important basic chemical raw material, which is used to manufacture acetaldehyde, ethylene Diene, ethylamine, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, chloroethane and so on, and derives medicines, dyes, coatings, spices, synthetic rubber, many intermediates of detergent, pesticide and other products have more than 300 kinds of products. The use of ethanol as an intermediate of chemical products is gradually declining. Many products such as acetaldehyde, acetic acid, ethyl ethanol no longer uses ethanol as raw material but uses other raw materials instead. 75% ethanol aqueous solution has strong sterilization ability, which is selection of appropriate antiseptic. Specially refined ethanol can also be used to make beverages. Similar to methanol, ethanol can be used as energy. Some countries have started to use ethanol alone as automobile fuel or mixed with gasoline (more than 10%) to save gasoline.

Production method

Before the 1930 s, fermentation was the only industrial production method of ethanol. With the rapid development of petrochemical industry, the yield of synthetic ethanol is increasing. However, the heterogeneous high carbon alcohol mixed in synthetic ethanol is not suitable for drinks, food, medicine, spices and so on due to the paralysis of human advanced nerve center. Therefore, even in developed petrochemical countries, ethanol fermentation still occupies a certain proportion.

[Fermentation method]]

after washing and crushing starch-rich agricultural products such as cereals, potatoes or wild plant fruits, pressure cooking is carried out to gelatinize the starch, then add some water, cool to about 60 ℃ and add amylase, the starch is hydrolyzed to malt sugar and glucose in turn. Then, enzyme mother bacteria are added for fermentation to produce ethanol.

[Water legal]]

ethylene and water are used as raw materials and prepared by addition reaction. Water legal can be divided into Indirect hydration method and direct water legal method. Indirect Water method is also called sulfate method, and the reaction is carried out in two steps. Firstly, 95 ~ 98% sulfuric acid and 50 ~ 60% Ethylene are absorbed and reacted in Tower reactor according to 2:1 (weight ratio), 60 ~ 80℃, sulfuric acid ester is generated under the condition of 0.78 ~ 1.96MPa. The second step is to hydrolyze the sulfate in the hydrolysis Tower at 80 ~ 100℃ and 0.2 ~ 0.29MPa to obtain ethanol, and at the same time generate the by-product ether. The ENE directly reacts with water to generate ethanol. Direct water legal means one step. It is prepared by high temperature pressure hydration of ethylene and water in the presence of phosphoric acid catalyst. The process of this method is simple, less corrosive, does not need special steel, and the amount of by-product ether is small, but requires high purity of ethylene and high power consumption. No matter by fermentation or ethylene water method, the produced ethanol is usually an azeotrope of ethanol and water, that is, industrial ethanol with a concentration of 95%.

Security

Storage conditions： Operation notes: closed operation, full ventilation. Operators must be specially trained and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear filter type antivirus mask (half mask) and anti-static overalls. Stay away from fire and heat sources, and smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation system and equipment. Prevent steam leakage into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidant, acid, alkali metal and amine. When filling, the flow rate should be controlled and grounding device should be provided to prevent static electricity accumulation. Equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. The empty container may contain harmful substances. Storage precautions: Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. The temperature should not exceed 30℃. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately with oxidant, acid, alkali metal, Amine, etc., and should not be mixed. Explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities are adopted. It is forbidden to use mechanical equipment and tools that are easy to generate sparks. The storage area shall be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and appropriate containment materials.