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[Chemical Knowledge]：Manufacturing method and process of dimethyl carbonate (DMC)

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Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an important chemical raw material, widely used in synthetic fibers, plastics, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, fuels and other fields. This paper will introduce the manufacturing methods of dimethyl carbonate, including phosgene method, ester exchange method, methanol oxidative carbonylation method.

1. phosgene method

phosgene method is phosgene and methanol as raw materials, at low temperature reaction of dimethyl carbonate method. The reaction principle of the method is as follows:

COCl2 2CH3OH → (COOCH3)2 2HCl

This method has the advantages of simple production process, easy availability of raw materials and high yield, but the phosgene produced in the production process is highly toxic, flammable and explosive, requires high production equipment and operating conditions, is difficult to produce safely, and has high environmental protection treatment costs.

2. transesterification method

transesterification method is based on diethyl carbonate and methanol as raw materials, under the action of a catalyst for transesterification reaction, the generation of dimethyl carbonate and ethanol method. The reaction principle of the method is as follows:

(COOC2H5)2 2CH3OH → (COOCH3)2 2 C2H5OH

transesterification has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials, mild reaction conditions and low difficulty in safe production, but the selection and use of catalysts have a great influence on the reaction yield and product quality, and strict control of process conditions is required.

3. methanol oxidative carbonylation method

methanol oxidative carbonylation method is methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen as raw materials, in the role of the catalyst under the oxidative carbonylation reaction, the production of dimethyl carbonate method. The reaction principle of this method is as follows:

2CH3OH CO 1/2O2 → (COOCH3)2 H2O

methanol oxidative carbonylation method has the advantages of easy access to raw materials, mild reaction conditions and good environmental protection, and is a method that has been studied more at home and abroad. However, this method needs to solve the problems of the activity, selectivity and life of the catalyst, as well as the removal of by-products and moisture generated during the reaction.

In addition to the above three methods, there are some other methods such as urea method, propylene carbonate method, etc. can also be used to produce dimethyl carbonate, but due to the limitations of yield, cost and other factors, the current application is less.

No matter which method is used to manufacture dimethyl carbonate, it is necessary to strictly control the reaction conditions and the quality of raw materials to ensure product quality and production safety. At the same time, because dimethyl carbonate is a toxic and harmful chemical, it is necessary to strengthen environmental protection and waste gas treatment in the production process to protect the environment and personnel health.

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