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[Chemical Knowledge]：Manufacturing method and process of acetic acid

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Acetic acid, also known as acetic acid, is an important organic chemical raw material and is widely used in the production of many chemical products. The manufacturing methods of acetic acid are mainly the following:

1. Ethanol oxidation
Ethanol oxidation is the main method of industrial production of acetic acid, the principle is in the presence of a catalyst, the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. The process typically uses silver or copper as the catalyst and air or oxygen as the oxidant. It is necessary to control the temperature and pressure during the reaction to ensure the progress of the reaction and the selectivity of the product. Ethanol oxidation method has the advantages of easy access to raw materials, simple operation and high product purity, so it is widely used in industrial production.

2. acetaldehyde oxidation
acetaldehyde oxidation is a traditional acetic acid production method, the principle is in the presence of a catalyst, acetaldehyde oxidation to acetic acid. The process typically uses copper acetate or manganese acetate as the catalyst and air or oxygen as the oxidant. It is necessary to control the temperature and pH value during the reaction to ensure the progress of the reaction and the selectivity of the product. The advantage of acetaldehyde oxidation method is that acetaldehyde can be used as raw material, but the activity of the catalyst is low and needs to be replaced regularly, so the production cost is high.

3. Low-carbon hydrocarbon oxidation
Low-carbon hydrocarbon oxidation is a new type of acetic acid production method, the principle is in the presence of a catalyst, the low-carbon hydrocarbons (such as methane, ethane, etc.) oxidation to acetic acid. This method generally uses a noble metal such as platinum or palladium as a catalyst and oxygen as an oxidizing agent. During the reaction, it is necessary to control the reaction temperature and pressure to ensure the progress of the reaction and the selectivity of the product. The advantage of low-carbon hydrocarbon oxidation method is that low-carbon hydrocarbons can be used as raw materials, but the preparation and regeneration of the catalyst is difficult, so it has not been widely used.

No matter which manufacturing method is used, the production of acetic acid requires strict control of reaction conditions and operating steps to ensure product quality and yield. At the same time, the waste and by-products generated in the production process also need to be treated and used reasonably to avoid waste and pollution to the environment and resources.

In general, the manufacturing method of acetic acid has its advantages and disadvantages, and the appropriate method should be selected according to the specific production conditions and needs. In the future, with the continuous progress and application of science and technology, the production technology of acetic acid will continue to improve and improve, and make greater contributions to the development of chemical production.

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